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Polymer-Layered Silicate Nanocomposites for Cryotank Applications

机译：聚合物应用的硅酸盐纳米复合材料

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Previous composite cryotank designs have relied on the use of conventional composite materials to reduce microcracking and permeability. However, revolutionary advances in nanotechnology derived materials may enable the production of ultra-lightweight cryotanks with significantly enhanced durability and damage tolerance, as well as reduced propellant permeability. Layered silicate nanocomposites are especially attractive in cryogenic storage tanks based on results that have been reported for epoxy nanocomposite systems. These materials often exhibit an order of magnitude reduction in gas permeability when compared to the base resin. In addition, polymer-silicate nanocomposites have been shown to yield improved dimensional stability, strength, and toughness. The enhancement in material performance of these systems occurs without property trade-offs which are often observed in conventionally filled polymer composites. Research efforts at NASA Glenn Research Center have led to the development of epoxy-clay nanocomposites with 70% lower hydrogen permeability than the base epoxy resin. Filament wound carbon fiber reinforced tanks made with this nanocomposite had a five-fold lower helium leak rate than the corresponding tanks made without clay. The pronounced reduction observed with the tank may be due to flow induced alignment of the clay layers during processing. Additionally, the nanocomposites showed CTE reductions of up to 30%, as well as a 100% increase in toughness.
机译：先前的复合材料冷冻箱设计已经依靠使用常规复合材料来减少微裂纹和渗透性。但是，纳米技术衍生材料的革命性进步可能使超轻量级的冷却瓶的生产具有显着增强的耐用性和破坏耐受性，并降低了推进剂的渗透性。基于已报道的环氧纳米复合材料系统的结果，层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料在低温储罐中尤其有吸引力。与基础树脂相比，这些材料的透气性通常会降低一个数量级。另外，已经显示出聚合物-硅酸盐纳米复合材料可产生改善的尺寸稳定性，强度和韧性。这些系统的材料性能的增强在没有性能折衷的情况下发生，而这种折衷通常在常规填充的聚合物复合材料中观察到。 NASA Glenn研究中心的研究工作已导致开发出氢氧渗透率比基础环氧树脂低70％的环氧-粘土纳米复合材料。用这种纳米复合材料制成的纤维缠绕碳纤维增强储罐的氦气泄漏率比不使用粘土制得的相应储罐低五倍。在储罐中观察到的明显减少可能是由于在加工过程中粘土层的流动引起的排列。此外，纳米复合材料的CTE降低了30％，韧性提高了100％。

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